The following quote probably best illustrates Friedman’s point of view:

Communism was a great system for making people equally poor. In fact, there was no better system in the world for that than communism. Capitalism made people unequally rich […]
p. 49

Friedman paints a world where companies compete worldwide, with rapidly falling classical barriers to entry like geography or culture, and muses on how this is impacting life in well-established developed countries like the U.S. He tells his girls:

Girls, when I was growing up, my parents used to say to me, ‘Tom, finish your dinner — people in China and India are starving.’ My advice to you is: Girls, finish your homework — people in China and India are starving for your jobs.
p. 237

Although Friedman resolutely prefers the opportunity and creative freedom that comes with globalization, he also cautions against blind elimination of all impediments to the free flow of services and capital:

[…] the debate about capitalism has been, from the very beginning, about which frictions, barriers, and boundaries are mere source of waste and inefficiency, and which are sources of identity and belonging that we should try to protect.
p. 204

He goes on describing the need for corporations and states to define where each of them fit in this new world, states representing the biggest source of friction and corporations pressuring them to eliminate these sources of friction.

Friedman’s thesis that the world is flat, although catchy, reductive and not very new, leads him to interesting conclusions nonetheless:

The ideal country in a flat world is the one with no natural resources, because countries with no natural resources tend to dig inside themselves.
p. 262

and, quoting Irving Wladawsky-Berger, an IBM computer scientist:

We need to think more seriously than ever about how we encourage people to focus on productive outcomes that advance and unite civilization — peaceful imaginations that seek to minimize alienation and celebrate interdependence rather than self-sufficiency, inclusion rather than exclusion, openness, opportunity, and hope rather than limits, suspicion, and grievance.
p. 443